Carine has a background in engineering and began her career in the nuclear industry, where she spent 14 years in various engineering, operations, and risk prevention roles at EDF (French Power Company).

In 2010, she joined Orano (formely Areva) as Deputy Director of Recycling Activites in France and then internationally, particularly in Asia. At Orano, she also headed the project management department in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines as well as led a uranium recycling plant project in China. In 2022, Carine was appointed Health, Safety and Environment Director for the Orano Group's international mining activities.

In March 2023, she joined Colas Rail as Quality, Health, Safety, and Environment Director, before being promoted to Director of Health and Safety for the Colas Group in October 2024. In April 2025, her responsibilities were expended to include the Group's Environment Department.

In September 2025, Carine Piquet joined the Executive Committee (CODG) as Group Vice President, Health, Safety and Environment.